Herd Immunity vs Containment Policy

Confronting Coronavirus

February-March 2020

AL. Raad Sabir Rauf
Department of General Biology
Cihan University-Erbil

Hundreds of articles and researches have been published recently about coronavirus tackling its causes and effects. Some of them went beyond the scientific level into the political and economic impacts of the disease, not sparing theory of conspiracy. This research tackles the different approaches and methods of confronting this disease which WHO considered as pandemic.

It is known worldwide that coronavirus's first outbreak was in China, and then it spread into other countries. After becoming pandemic, confronting coronavirus varied from one country to other. The major two policies adopted by governments have been of two major policies in addition to a third one that handles the case in between.

The first measure is taken by China and most eastern and mid-eastern countries. This is done by imposing a wide-scale containment policy. These governments imposed complete isolation and quarantine policies to vast infected areas in their countries, locked down malls and market places, gave work-off, stopped trafficking amongst the natives, forbade transportation among its districts and governorates, closed airports and borders against the newcomers whether citizens or foreigners. They also spared quarantines in isolated places rather than normal hospitals. Then they began sterilizing the infected zones including residential and municipal buildings as well as providing masks, gloves, and sterilizers to the population as a whole. Until the end of March, 2020, China declared partial control on the cases in Wuhan district.

The second measure, however, was adopted by the western countries such as UK, European states, the US, Canada, etc. these states began with what is called as Herd Immunity policy. So what is Herd Immunity?

"Herd immunity is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, thereby providing a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune. In a population in which a large number of individuals are immune, chains of infection are likely to be disrupted, which stops or slows the spread of disease. The greater the proportion of individuals in a community who are immune is, the smaller the probability that the epidemic may spread out."

These governments let things go on normally in their communities without governmental interference save for advertising cautions and encouraging their citizens to self-protection and self-quarantine themselves in their homes, especially the elderly. Businesses, schools, and events all went on. The idea was that let the immune individuals work because they are capable of survival. How about the elderly and less immune ones? No sincere measures were taken in this regard for their survival. In some European hospitals (namely in Italy), due to lack of oxygen equipment, the aged people were denied ventilators and were provided to the younger ones. Accordingly the number of cases is escalating every hour.

In Turkey, those aged above 60 have been ordered to stay home and are denied of going out since they are more vulnerable, and the government closed schools but let workplaces open. Eventually the number of cases are incredibly increasing.